Images (top to bottom): Muslim Siddis in Gujarat, India; Atlas Catalan, 1375; Catholic Kaffir, Puttalam, Sri Lanka; East Africa scene, Mughal painting; Esmeraldas Maroon leaders; Malik Ambar tomb, Deccan; Afro-Peruana, painting by Pancho Fierro, 19th c.; Al-Maqamat,  1237.

The African Diaspora is not a subcomponent of world history; Africans and their descendents are inseperable from the making of the modern world …

(Photo by Meer Hamid Ali, tomb of Ibrahim Adil Shah II, Bijapur, Karnataka, India, 2004)